Hilde · Decision models · answer key v2

Decision model

Liquid d1

1 question per request

57.0% of the 2,198 questions right (54.9% to 59.1%, 95% interval). Back to the leaderboard.

How we called it

Kind
Decision model
Access
Liquid AI decisions API
Paid as
Free tier used
Model ID
d1:free
Confidence from
Option score
Run
52, 4 October 2026

Settings

Reasoning
off
Request format
1 question per request
Requests at once
1
Temperature
not recorded
Harness seed
0
Harness commit
not recorded
Prompt version
not recorded

Results

QuestionsAccuracy95% intervalRight
All questions57.0%54.9% to 59.1%1,253 of 2,198
Reading82.8%79.7% to 85.5%543 of 656
Grammar46.0%43.6% to 48.5%710 of 1,542

Comparison group: yzAB. Compare with another setup.

Accuracy by topic
TopicPartAccuracyRight
Word and phrase meaningsReading78.6%103 of 131
Sentence meaningsReading86.4%133 of 154
How a writer explains and develops ideasReading75.7%53 of 70
Topic and main point of a paragraphReading94.9%93 of 98
How a paragraph fits togetherReading71.7%76 of 106
Details that support a paragraph’s main pointReading87.6%85 of 97
Word types, such as nouns and verbsGrammar49.3%69 of 140
Groups of words built around a nounGrammar50.8%33 of 65
Verbs and their formsGrammar50.5%46 of 91
Verb forms used like nouns or modifiersGrammar55.6%40 of 72
Word endings and what they doGrammar49.4%39 of 79
How words are builtGrammar34.8%24 of 69
The roles of words and phrases in a sentenceGrammar45.5%66 of 145
How verbs show who acts and who receives the actionGrammar54.1%40 of 74
Types of sentencesGrammar47.1%40 of 85
Questions combining several grammar topicsGrammar28.6%63 of 220
Sound patterns and changesGrammar28.6%22 of 77
SpellingGrammar45.9%61 of 133
PunctuationGrammar48.7%57 of 117
Problems in sentence wordingGrammar62.9%110 of 175

Confidence

Answers kept at 99% or more
274, of which 1 wrong (share right: 98.0% to 99.9%, 95% interval); 1,924 skipped, the model less than 99% sure
Calibration gap
10.2 points
AUROC, all questions
0.79 0.77 to 0.81
AUROC, reading
0.88 0.86 to 0.91
AUROC, grammar
0.70 0.67 to 0.73
Brier score
0.194
Accuracy of its surest answers
most confident fifth: 97.5% right; most confident half: 78.2% right; most confident four fifths: 64.2% right
Typical score of a right answer
87.5%
Typical score of a wrong answer
48.3%

Repeats

Run 5 times on all questions.

Answers changed in 5 runs
217 of 2,198
Same wrong answer in all 5
799 of 2,198
Wrong in at least one run
1,016 of 2,198
Accuracy in each run
57.0%, 56.9%, 56.8%, 56.9%, 56.7%

Latency

Latency, median request
0.305 s (its repeated runs)
Latency, 90th percentile
0.786 s
Requests at once
1
Throughput
150.1 questions per minute of request time
Request time
14.7 minutes, over the requests whose answers were kept

Latency: the time from sending one request to receiving its answer, measured from our computer, network and any retries within the request included. Request time: the time at least one request was in flight, over the requests whose answers were kept. It is not the run's elapsed time: it leaves out requests that failed and any pause before a run was resumed.

Cost

$ per 1,000 questions
$0.007
Whole run
$0.016
Basis
The run used the free tier (d1:free); its cost is now estimated at Liquid's list price for the same model.
Price
$0.02 input, output free per 1M tokens (source, 2026-10-18)
Input tokens per question
372
Output tokens per question
0

Going first in front of an LLM

Replay of recorded answers, cutoff chosen on half the questions, averaged over the splits. Savings are estimates from API prices; the Method page explains how.

LLM behind itShare takenAccuracy changeSaving
Gemini 3.8 Flashhigh reasoning · 16 questions per request15.5%−0.10 points15%
GPT-6 Astrahigh reasoning · 16 questions per request12.7%−0.10 points13%
GPT-6.1 Solhigh reasoning · 16 questions per request14.9%−0.12 points14%
GPT-6 Astralow reasoning · 16 questions per request14.3%−0.12 points14%
GPT-6 Astralow reasoning · 1 question per request14.3%−0.12 points14%
Gemini 3.8 Flashlow reasoning · 1 question per request17.0%−0.12 points16%
GPT-6.1 Sollow reasoning · 1 question per request16.5%−0.14 points16%
GPT-6.1 Sollow reasoning · 16 questions per request14.9%−0.12 points14%
Claude Opus 5.5high reasoning · 16 questions per request17.1%−0.09 points17%
GPT-6.1 Terrahigh reasoning · 16 questions per request17.1%−0.09 points16%
Claude Opus 5.5low reasoning · 1 question per request15.0%−0.12 points15%
Gemini 3.8 Flashlow reasoning · 16 questions per request17.8%−0.10 points15%
GPT-6.1 Terralow reasoning · 16 questions per request17.7%−0.09 points16%
Claude Opus 5.5low reasoning · 16 questions per request15.1%−0.13 points15%
Claude Sonnet 5.5high reasoning · 1 question per request17.9%−0.20 points18%
Claude Sonnet 5.5high reasoning · 16 questions per request29.3%−0.18 points29%